More recently, a homozygous NOTCH3 nonsense mutation was identified in a patient who exhibited livedo reticularis from birth and childhood-onset cavitating leukoencephalopathy with multiple deep lacunar infarcts, disseminated microbleeds and two saccular aneurysms of middle cerebral arteries [12,13]. This evidence concerns the gene NOTCH3 and Leukoencephalopathy.