MAPK9 and glaucoma: For instance, MAP3K12 (DLK)23,26, MAP2Ks 4 and 7 (MKK4, MKK7)79, and MAPKs 9 and 10 (JNK2, JNK3)22 are upstream regulators of JUN activation and were shown to be important in mediating glaucoma-relevant RGC death, and are perhaps important in regulating EDN-induced RGC death.