HMGA2 was first linked to autophagy in a 2012 report, where HMGA2 silencing in retinoblastoma cells led to upregulation of damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM) [30], a lysosomal membrane protein required for the induction of autophagy by the p53 pathway [31]. This evidence concerns the gene DRAM1 and retinoblastoma.