PARP1 and breast carcinoma: Although the ability of AuNPs@RSV to maintain the anticancer effects of RSV against hepatoma and ERα negative cell lines growth, as well as against breast cancer invasion, has been reported [42,46,47], here our data demonstrated, for the first time, the ability of gold-conjugated RSV to reduce the ERα positive breast cancer cell number by inducing the activation of PARP-1 cleavage.