However, the further quantification of samples revealed that the expression of chemokines/cytokines Ccl2, Ccl5, Cxcl1, Cxcl10, Ctgf, and Il2, as well as adhesion molecules Icam1 and Vcam1, were significantly more expressed in GDF15-deficient mice compared to wild type mice upon anti-GBM serum treatment. Here, VCAM1 is linked to glioblastoma.