CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 contribute to CVD morbidity in persons without HIV infection: polymorphisms in CX3CR1 are associated with coronary artery disease [9, 10]; numbers of CX3CR1-expressing cells and plasma CX3CL1 levels predict plaque rupture in unstable angina [11, 12]. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CR1 and angina pectoris.