We have recently demonstrated that CD8 T cells and CD68+ myeloid cells co-localize at sites of endothelial dysfunction in aortas of SIV and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RM) [13], and that atherosclerotic plaques from HIV uninfected persons are enriched for activated CD8 T cells [14]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and endothelial dysfunction.