GDF2 and Alzheimer disease: Overall, the data indicate a similar pattern of neuronaland arteriolar loss of ALK1 in advancing AD and suggest that this loss may contribute to themechanisms of vascular pathophysiology of AD, thus potentially targeting ALK1-agonisttherapy (e.g., with BMP9/BMP10) in early stages of AD pathology as a strategy for improvingvascular function in AD.