TGFB1 and cancer: Secondly, GRHL2 suppresses TGF-β mediated migratory and invasive capabilities of gastric (Xiang et al., 2017), breast (Cieply et al., 2012; Werner et al., 2013), and oral (Chen et al., 2018b) cancer cells, where the activation of TGF-β signaling cascade is a significant inducer of EMT in tumor progression (Heldin et al., 2012).