EGR1 and atherosclerosis: For instance, Egr-1 can be activated by fluid shear stress (Khachigian et al., 1997; Schwachtgen et al., 1998) and oxidized phospholipids (Bochkov et al., 2002), two classic risk factors for atherosclerosis, in endothelial cells; activated Egr-1, in turn, functions to up-regulate the expression of pro-atherogenic genes (e.g., tissue factor).