One of these eIFs, eIF3a, has been found to overexpress in many human cancers including cancers of the breast (Bachmann et al., 1997), cervix (Dellas et al., 1998), esophagus (Chen and Burger, 1999), stomach (Chen and Burger, 2004), lung (Pincheira et al., 2001), and bladder (Spilka et al., 2014), and it was thought to be a proto-oncogene. The gene discussed is EIF3A; the disease is cancer.