BDNF and infection: Supernatant of MSCs overexpressing BDNF from three different donors showed a higher neuroprotective effect in vitro, with a neuronal survival rate around 40% when compared to the control-vector infection group (Scheper et al., 2019), while in another study, MSCs also overexpressing BDNF started to express neuronal phenotype markers 1 day after transfection and in the following days, presented a neuron-like morphology when compared to the MSC control, which maintained their fibroblast-like morphology (Lim et al., 2011).