Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells secrete diverse growth factors related to neurogenesis and neuroprotection, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), HGF, IGF-1, nerve growth factor (NGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (Joyce et al., 2010) and, therefore, many studies have been evaluating the effects of MSCs overexpressing these factors for the treatment of neurological disorders in different in vitro and in vivo models. Here, BDNF is linked to nervous system disorder.