A study evaluating the effects of neurotrophin-3 (NT3) overexpression by BMSCs in a model of Parkinson’s disease revealed that genetically modified cells protected neuronal tissue and induced differentiation of BMSCs into cells similar to dopaminergic neurons (neuron type affected by Parkinson’s disease), as seen by a 5-fold increase in the levels of nurr-1 and wnt-1 in transfected cells, when compared to treatment with wild-type MSCs (Moradian et al., 2017). Here, NTF3 is linked to Parkinson disease.