Other components of microenvironments involved in CRC progression to liver metastasis include immune cells such as CD11b+ myeloid cells that express integrins and various chemokines (CXCR2-CXCL1, CXCL12-CXCR4, and CCL12-CCR1) studied in a murine model of liver metastasis (126). Here, CXCL12 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.