TNF and Splenomegaly: Pretreatment of the socially disruptive-stressed mice with the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol may prevent anxiety-like behaviors caused by social failure (47), reverse splenomegaly, and increase the levels of plasma inflammatory factors such as IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) (48).