Subgroup analyses indicated associations between higher PD-L1 and shorter CSS in both Caucasus (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.02-2.92, <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.0%) and Asian (HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.03-2.39, <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 23.1%) UTUC patients. Here, CD274 is linked to renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma.