Moreover, considering the importance of reported glioma-associated driver-gene alterations in glioma initiation and progression, including ATRX, P53 pathway (TP53, MDM2, MDM4), RB pathway (CDK4, CDK6, CCND2, CDKNA/B, RB1), and P13K/RTK pathway (PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN, EGFR, PDGFRA, NF1), we obtained the somatic mutation data from the TCGA database (32, 33). This evidence concerns the gene NF1 and central nervous system cancer.