ARHGEF15 and carcinoma: Apropos the mechanism of HPVs and EBV interaction, based on the fact that high-risk HPVs and EBV oncoproteins share different downstream pathways, we assumed that oncoproteins (E5, E6/E7, LMP1, and EBNA1) of these oncoviruses can cooperate in the initiation and/or progression of several types of human carcinomas where the EMT event can play a crucial role in this procedure (47).