Compared with placebo, anthocyanins decreased fasting glucose (− 0.5 mmol/L [− 1, − 0.04], p = 0.035) in the subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes (Additional file 1: Table S4), increased serum apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) (0.15 g/L [0.03, 0.26], p = 0.016) and decreased apolipoprotein B (apo B) (− 0.1 g/L [− 0.17, − 0.03], p = 0.008) in the subjects with prediabetes (Additional file 1: Table S5). Here, APOB is linked to prediabetes syndrome.