STAT3 and viral infectious disease: Although pro-inflammatory transcriptional activators such as cytokines, chemokines and interleukins are typically induced by bacterial or viral infection (Mogensen and Paludan, 2001; Sanwald et al., 2015), we identified a group of transcription factors, inhibitors, chemokines and interleukins, such as STAT3, NFκBID, NFκBIE AMCF-II and IL12B, whose RNA levels increased in AM only in response only to LPS, which agrees with STAT3 and IL12B transcription observed in human and murine macrophages (Meng et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2015; Liu X. et al., 2018).