Moreover, the significantly upregulated PSI of the human CD8+ T cells by the NP/Melan A/α-GalCer/anti-CLEC9A vaccine was predominated by anti-tumor associated proteins including human Granzyme B, IFN-γ, Perforin, and TNF-α, as well as a low level of sCD137 secretion (Figure 5B), indicating the superior anti-cancer potential of this vaccine. Here, TNF is linked to cancer.