Using nanovaccines co-encapsulating tumor self-Ag (Trp2 and gp120) and α-GalCer, and decorated with Abs against Clec9a (mouse counterpart), we have recently shown that these nanovaccines induce a potent CTL response that protects in prophylactic and therapeutic settings against the development of aggressive tumors (melanoma) (12). The gene discussed is CLEC9A; the disease is neoplasm.