LBP and viral encephalitis: The concentrations of D-LA, iFABP, LPS, and LBP were significantly higher in plasma samples from encephalitis patients (D-LA: 6430.2 ± 1056.2 ng/mL; iFABP: 7.779 ± 1.714 ng/mL; LPS: 1218.3 ± 229.9 pg/mL; LBP: 157.9 ± 23.3 ng/mL) than in samples from healthy subjects (D-LA: 3006.6 ± 2123.4 ng/mL; iFABP: 3.813 ± 1.952 ng/mL; LPS: 585.7 ± 297.4 pg/mL; LBP: 73.5 ± 35.8 ng/mL), indicating that intestinal mucosal integrity was significantly reduced during cerebral inflammation (Figure 5).