However, compared with cells from HDs, T cells (including both CD4+ and CD8+ cells and particularly TILs) from patients with NPC expressed the inhibitory ligands CD39, PD-1, and TIM-3 at higher levels and the effector cytokines GrB and IFN-γ at lower levels (Figure 7B). The gene discussed is ENTPD1; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.