TNF and tuberculosis: Next, to evaluate the effects of stimulation with WT and Δmce1 lipid extracts on the inflammatory response in PBMCs isolated from patients with active TB (Figure 4), the frequency of CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, NKT, CD4−/CD8− DN, CD38+, and CD14+ subpopulations were assessed, in addition to the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 by these cells (see Supplementary Figure 2A).