TNF and colonic neoplasm: The development of colon cancer is a multistep process that is regulated by various intrinsic and extrinsic cellular signals (26, 27), and activation of RAGE signaling in innate immune cells by SjE16.7 may result in the establishment of a protumorigenic microenvironment through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, and TNF-α.