In recent years, studies on epilepsy animal models and post-surgical TLE specimens resulted in the discovery of several novel therapeutic targets (e.g., resveratrol, cyclooxygenase-2inhibitors, erythropoietin, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) and signaling pathways including the potential involvement of interleukin 1β, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and epilepsy.