CYCS and depressive symptom measurement: The mechanisms of tPBM have been well reviewed in many papers (5, 6, 8, 12) and include the absorption of photons by cytochrome-c to stimulate ATP formation (11) in the mitochondria, increased cerebral blood flow (5), decreased inflammatory factors (52), and increased brain neurotropic factors (53), but none of these mechanisms explains our observations of the often profound decreases in cravings, anxiety, and depression within minutes after a treatment has begun.