However, this will depend on issues of affordability in LMICs who struggle to fund, for instance biological medicines for immune conditions as well as insulins and newer oral anti-diabetic medicines for patients with diabetes (Williams and Bryan, 2007; Putrik et al., 2014; Baumgart et al., 2019; Godman et al., 2020a; Godman et al., 2020b). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.