Similarly, the results of an in vivo study demonstrated that TFAM (at doses of 75, 135, and 300 mg/kg [i.g.] for 84 days) notably decreased the levels of serum creatinine and BUN by downregulating the expression of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner by suppressing the activation of the iRhom2/TNF-α-converting enzyme signaling pathway in a rat model of DN induced by unilateral nephrectomy and STZ injections in comparison with 4-phenylbutanoic acid (2.5 mg/kg) as a positive control (Liu et al., 2018). Here, TNF is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.