TGFB1 and liver dysplastic nodule: The mechanism explored demonstrated that HKC downregulated the protein expression of p-p70S6K, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), TGF-β1, and p-Akt by repressing the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in the kidneys of rats in a model of early DN (Wu et al., 2018).