STAT3 and head and neck cancer: For example, transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α)-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling was shown to play a vital role in the activation of STAT3 in certain head and neck cancer cell lines12, and growth factor-mediated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways such as that of the hepatocyte growth factor signaling via receptor c-MET were shown to be related to the transformation of leiomyosarcoma cells, breast carcinoma cells, melanoma cells, and lung cancer cells in conjunction with SRC kinase, which stimulates the expression of STAT314–17.