In any case, observed differences in CXCR5 expression (and that of other surface markers) amongst EBV, influenza, TT and YFV-specific CD4+ T cells can be taken to suggest that factors such as the recency, route of exposure, nature of the antigen, and affinity of the epitope for MHC can profoundly influence CD4+ T cell differentiation and phenotype. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-C and influenza.