We found that 10 of the 23 patients with mutations for whom samples were available (one with AR IRF7 deficiency, four with AD IRF7 deficiency, one with AD TLR3 deficiency, two with AD TBK1 deficiency, one with AR IFNAR1 deficiency, and one with AD TICAM1 deficiency) had serum IFN-α levels <1 pg/ml (Fig. 7). Here, IFNA1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.