This can be assumed from the simultaneously increased expression of two collagen genes (COL1A1 (alpha-1 type I collagen) and COL1A2), the SERPINE1 gene encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (a serine protease inhibitor) and CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), and downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) in diabetes (Table 1). Here, CCN2 is linked to diabetes mellitus.