Data summarized in Table 3 unambiguously show that genes with the most significantly altered expression in diabetes-free tumors (CDK2 (cycline dependent kinase 2), CDC25A (cell division cycle 25 homolog A), DUSP14 (dual specificity phosphatase 14), and CSF1R (colony stimulating factor 1 receptor) were largely different from those in diabetes-associated CRC (CSF1R, PCK2 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2), BMP5 (bone morphogenic protein 5), and SMAD3 (SMAD family member 3). Here, PCK2 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.