In the CNS context, HMOX1 is generally viewed as neuroprotective and significant effort is being made to therapeutically induce HMOX1 to prevent various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, either via direct HMOX1 induction or by activating its transcription factor Nrf2 by therapeutics passing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [33,128,129]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and neurodegenerative disease.