IL-1β was not affected by infection (F1, 12 = 1.0, P = 0.35) or any first-order interactions, microbiota treatment × V. anguillarum exposure (F1, 12 < 0.1, P = 0.86), microbiota treatment × population (F1, 14 = 1.4, P = 0.25), and population × V. anguillarum exposure (F1, 12 = 1.0, P = 0.77). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.