IL1B and gastritis: Previous studies have suggested that Hp infection can induce the increase of the IL-1β levels.19,20 Besides, high levels of IL-1β are closely correlated to Hp infection-related gastritis.20 According to this study, the IL-1β levels in paediatric patients with Hp infection were higher than those in healthy children, indicating that paediatric patients with Hp infection may have elevated IL-1β levels.