Therefore, our study objectives were to compare serum levels of active TGF-β1 in patients with CM according to the presence and severity of OSA, assess the correlation between active TGF-β1 levels and melanoma aggressiveness indices, and analyze their relationship with nocturnal hypoxia and serum levels of leptin in both obese and non-obese patients. Here, LEP is linked to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.