To directly test whether CD147-CAR-modified immune cells can kill CD147+ HCC cells in vitro, we used the 4-h Chromium-51 (51Cr) release assay, a gold standard assay for evaluating the cytotoxicity of CTLs and NK cells in the field of immunology, in combination with an FFLuc reporter assay. Here, BSG is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.