In addition to GPC3-CAR24,25, AFP-CAR26, and MUC1-CAR27,28 for HCC immunotherapy, adoptive TCR-T cells have also been investigated in the treatment of HCC29,30, which includes HBV-specific TCR in HCC patients with HBV infection (NCT02686372, NCT02719782) and AFP-specific TCR (NCT03132792) in advanced HCC patients. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.