KEAP1 and Arthritis: The Keap1–Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway is the most important antioxidant stress pathway, which is associated with a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, and arthritis.174 Under physiological conditions, the Keap1 targets the Nrf2 to initiate the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of protein media.