One demonstrated unchanged cytokine concentrations in DLB, but increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in MCI-DLB, the first three of which were lower in more severe disease.16 The other study showed increased IL-2 and IL-17, and reduced IL-8, in DLB.17 Taken with our results, these findings support altered innate immunity in DLB, possibly most prominent in early disease. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is Lewy body dementia.