VEGFA, FGF2, MYC, and PTEN had the highest degree and clustering coefficients in each group computed by Between algorithm (Fig. 5a–c), while VEGFA, FGF2, MYC, CCND1, and PTEN were the core computed by Stress algorithm (Figure S3), which meant that these genes played core roles in the AD induction. Here, CCND1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.