Immunofluorescence staining showed that Sop at different concentrations (10, 20, 50 μM) had no effect on cardiac hypertrophy (Supplementary Figure S1A,B), Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of cardiac markers A-type natriuretic peptide (Anp), myosin heavy chain 7 (Myh7)) had no changes after Sop treatment (Supplementary Figure S1C). Here, NPPA is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.