CCL2 and metabolic syndrome: Overall, our results regarding the inverse relationship between irisin and sNCAM, sICAM-2, sVCAM, MCP-1, and IFN-α2, as well as the pathogenic role that these molecules have in the progression of MetS and T2DM, lead us to hypothesize that the low irisin levels observed in our patients might blunt the downregulating effects of irisin towards these inflammatory and cell adhesion molecules.