H2AX and infection: Quantification of the western blotting results showed the significant upregulation of the level of γ-H2AX (Fig. 1a, b), which is a DSB biomarker, in cells with the downregulation of BCAS2 mRNA (Supplementary Fig. S1a) and protein levels (Fig. 1a for LNCaP, Fig. 1b for PC-3) by either one of the two shRNAs compared to control groups (mock and shscrambled infection), suggesting that BCAS2 enhanced the efficiency of DSB repair.