PGE1 treatment impaired the persistence and activity of leukemic stem cells in a preclinical mouse chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) model and a xenograft model of transplanted CML patient CD34+ HSCs/HPCs, and a nonselective EP2/EP3/EP4 agonist, misoprostol, conferred similar protection against CML, suggesting potential therapeutic strategy of CML by using PGE1 or misoprostol (Li et al., 2017a). The gene discussed is PTGER4; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.