Both hypoglycemic agents (including insulin, sulphonylureas, and glinides) and antihyperglycemic agents (including metformin, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV inhibitors, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and Sodium-Glucose co-transporters (SGLT)-2 inhibitors) reduce protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress and enhanced neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and cognition in AD rodents [384]. Here, INS is linked to Alzheimer disease.