Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of semaphoring 3A from the acute to the subacute phase of stroke in the peri-infarct area increased axonal outgrowth related to the Rho family GTPase 1 (Rnd1)/R-Ras/Akt/GSK-3β pathway, together with suppression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes, and functional recovery was promoted in the chronic stage of stroke [13]. This evidence concerns the gene RND1 and stroke disorder.