NANOG and cancer: Aprepitant reduced the expression of liver stemness markers (octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), NANOG (a homeobox protein), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), cluster of differentiation 13 (CD13) and alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP)) (Table 2) [89]; this is important since cancer stem cells are involved in cancer resistance/relapse [101], and the treatment (with aprepitant) of colon cancer cells grown under cancer stem cell conditions decreased both the size and number of spheres formed [91].