In particular, while CRC lesions have shown increased expression of M2-related (Il10, Tgfb1, Ccl17, and Ccl22) and tumor-promoting genes (Tnf and Il23a), genetic ablation of p50 has impaired IL-23 expression and enhanced M1/Th1 immune responses, leading to a significant reduction of tumor multiplicity and growth in models of both CAC and genetically-induced intestinal tumorigenesis [71]. Here, CD40 is linked to neoplasm.