Indeed, in a CAC model, Bader and colleagues demonstrated that late macrophage depletion inhibits onset and growth of tumor lesions, in association with reduced expression of pro-tumorigenic cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-13, IL-10, TGFβ, and CCL-17) and expansion of Firmicutes, a phylum endowed of anti-tumorigenic effects [103]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.