BMP4 and cancer: Transcriptional targets of the HH signaling pathway include genes in different categories: (1) cell survival and cell proliferation (Bcl2, c-Myc, CDK and cyclin B1); (2) epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration and metastases (Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and SNAIL); (3) angiogenesis (Forkhead box F1 (FoxF1) and morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4)); and (4) chemotherapy resistance and cancer stem cell formation (PROM1 and CD133) [3].