(2) TNF-β- or multicellular-TME-induced activation of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene end products involved in proliferation (Ki-67), invasion (MMP-9), metastasis (CXCR4) and apoptosis (cleavage of caspase-3) in CRC cells. Here, NFKB1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.