Non-canonical pathways involved in BCC tumorigenesis include K-Ras, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), PI3K/Protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase C, and the serum-response factor-megakaryoblastic leukemia-1 pathway [34,37]. Here, MTOR is linked to skin basal cell carcinoma.